Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    1 Where have you been?
    4 Have you been here before?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    18 I've known him for years.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    5 I've never been there.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    11 Have you eaten?
    2 Have you seen it?
    17 What's happened?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    10
    8
    1
    7
    6
    4
    5
    2
    9
    3

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    6 I've hear about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    1 He's break his leg.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    7 We've never be there.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • h Predmet
    • e S pozdravom
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • d Príjemca
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    3 Who's done it?
    2 What's happened?
    11 He's coming too.
    10 He's had three beers.
    7 I've told him.
    6 She's still there.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    12 How's it going?
    5 She's been there before.
    8 There's a problem.
    1 What's new?
    4 Who's there?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    4 I've some tea.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    10 It no sense.
    6 Have you your homework?
    5 I'm my best.
    7 How much money did she ?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    13 We can without them.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    15 I need to a phone call.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    14 He's great progress.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    4 She's gone out lunch.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    5 Send it this address.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    10 whom it may concern
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    8
    why, you, come here?
    3
    I, cut, myself
    4
    I, make, dinner
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    5
    They, not, send it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    7
    He, not, find it
    9
    She, speak, with him
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    2 Už odišla. leave
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    1 I've been here two hours.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    3 I've done that .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    6 She's worked here five years.
    5 They haven't arrived .

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    1 Už som jedol.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.