Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    5 I've never been there.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    2 Have you seen it?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    1 Where have you been?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    11 Have you eaten?
    18 I've known him for years.
    4 Have you been here before?
    17 What's happened?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    6 Have we met before?

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    8
    4
    9
    2
    7
    3
    5
    10
    1
    6

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    10 I've buy some apples.
    7 We've never be there.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    5 They've leave already.
    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    4 I have see that film.
    6 I've hear about it.
    8 I've tell him about it.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • h Predmet
    • d Príjemca
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.
    • e S pozdravom
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • a V prílohe nájdete

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    9 There's been a lot of time.
    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.
    10 He's had three beers.
    4 Who's there?
    3 Who's done it?
    5 She's been there before.
    8 There's a problem.
    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    1 What's new?
    11 He's coming too.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    13 We can without them.
    5 I'm my best.
    14 He's great progress.
    4 I've some tea.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    6 Have you your homework?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    11 What sports do you ?
    7 How much money did she ?
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    10 It no sense.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • f She's changed her mind.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    5 Send it this address.
    10 whom it may concern
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    1
    she, break, her arm
    8
    why, you, come here?
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    5
    They, not, send it
    9
    She, speak, with him
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    He, not, find it
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    4
    I, make, dinner

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    4 I not see John last week.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    2 Už odišla. leave
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    1 I've been here two hours.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    3 I've done that .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    5 They haven't arrived .

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    9 Už odchádzate?
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    1 Už som jedol.
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    5 Poznám ho už roky.
    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.