Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Preložte.

    13 Have you decided yet?
    6 Have we met before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    18 I've known him for years.
    8 I've just read it.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    17 What's happened?
    1 Where have you been?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    2 Have you seen it?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    4 Have you been here before?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    11 Have you eaten?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.

    Naučte sa frázu I haven't seen you in ages! alebo I haven't seen you for ages! Zodpovedá slovenskému “Už som ťa strašne dlho nevidel.” ap. Obdobne možno použiť frázu I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už sa mi neozval, ani nepamätám.”

    Exercise 2

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    • Napíšte vety, ktoré si vypočujete a infinitívy slovies použitých v predprítomnom čase.

    1
    8
    9
    10
    5
    7
    4
    6
    3
    2

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podľa času.

    7 We've never be there.
    6 I've hear about it.
    1 He's break his leg.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky emailu s ich prekladmi.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • d Príjemca
    • h Predmet
    • c Vážená pani / Vážený pán
    • e S pozdravom
    • f Teším sa na vašu odpoveď
    • b Prosím, potvrďte prijatie
    • a V prílohe nájdete
    • g Dajte mi, prosím, vedieť čo najskôr.

    Pri oslovovaní skupiny osôb (firmy ap.) možno použiť: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Ak chceme zohľadniť, že medzi adresátmi môžu byť aj ženy, možno napísať: Sirs/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolanie: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježiši! alebo Pane Bože!

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozpíšte skrátené tvary na plné. Sústreďte sa na použitie be a have.

    5 She's been there before.
    1 What's new?
    10 He's had three beers.
    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.
    11 He's coming too.
    8 There's a problem.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    4 Who's there?
    3 Who's done it?
    7 I've told him.
    12 How's it going?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správne tvary do či make.

    5 I'm my best.
    7 How much money did she ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    11 What sports do you ?
    6 Have you your homework?
    13 We can without them.
    4 I've some tea.
    10 It no sense.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    14 He's great progress.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    2 We have no mistakes.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné časti frázových slovies.

    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • c Our car has broken down.

    Slovo before je v angličtine nielen predložka (pred), ale tiež príslovka znamenajúca (už) predtým, (už) skôr. Vyskytuje sa typicky na konci vety a často sa spája s predprítomným či predminulým časom. Napr.: I have never been here before. - “Ešte som tu nikdy nebol.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu došlo skôr. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu predložku.

    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    5 Send it this address.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    10 whom it may concern
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.

    Exercise 10

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v predprítomnom čase.

    8
    why, you, come here?
    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    9
    She, speak, with him
    3
    I, cut, myself
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    7
    He, not, find it
    5
    They, not, send it
    4
    I, make, dinner

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu jednoduchý minulý alebo predprítomný čas.

    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Jednoduchý minulý čas (past simple) je vymedzený konkrétnym časom alebo časovým úsekom v minulosti bez súvislosti s prítomnosťou, kým čas predprítomný (present perfect) svojím dejom nejako zasahuje z minulosti do prítomnosti, alebo hovorí, že daný časový úsek, v ktorom niečo nastalo alebo môže nastať, ešte nie je ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Sústreďte sa na použité frázy.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumiete vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do?... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!

    Zapamätajte si užitočnú frázu I'll be right with you. - “Hneď som pri vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Preložte pomocou predprítomného času. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Už ste sa niekedy stretli? meet
    7 Ako dlho tu už si? how long
    4 Ešte som to nevidel. not, yet
    2 Už odišla. leave
    1 Nikdy v Londýne nebol. to
    8 Už je to dlho. long time
    10 Už ste jedli? eat
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    3 Už si to čítal? read, yet
    6 Poznám ho už 5 rokov. for 5 years

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet alebo already.

    2 Have you cleaned ?
    6 She's worked here five years.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    3 I've done that .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    1 I've been here two hours.

    Exercise 16

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    8 Bývame tu od roku 1990.
    12 Už? – Ešte nie!
    6 Ešte som neskončil.
    7 Ako dlho už tam pracuješ?
    9 Už odchádzate?
    11 Ešte to nenašiel.
    4 Už si jej to povedal?
    2 Nič sa nezmenilo. (zatiaľ)
    1 Už som jedol.
    10 Nikdy som tam nebol.
    3 Ešte to neposlal.
    5 Poznám ho už roky.

    Rovnaký význam ako frázové slovesá turn on (zapnúť) a turn off (vypnúť) majú v angličtine switch on a switch off. Všimnite si, že sa v nich vyskytujú rovnaké predložky (častice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.