Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    9
    10
    2
    7
    3
    12
    1
    4
    8
    11
    6

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    2
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.