Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    2
    1
    6
    10
    12
    3
    4
    11
    9
    8
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    3 Písal som im. write to
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    2
    4
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    3 Neboli doma.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.