Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    6
    3
    11
    4
    8
    7
    2
    10
    9
    5
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    5
    2
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    6 Kedy volala?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.