Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    12
    11
    3
    10
    8
    5
    2
    6
    7
    4
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    2
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    6 Kedy volala?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    3 Neboli doma.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.