Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    8
    10
    2
    9
    7
    5
    6
    12
    11
    4
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    3
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    6 Kedy volala?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.