Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    4
    9
    5
    7
    11
    6
    10
    1
    3
    12
    2

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    2
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.