Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    12
    7
    2
    3
    10
    6
    4
    5
    1
    11
    8

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    5
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.