Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    9
    7
    11
    8
    4
    5
    2
    10
    1
    3
    6

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    2
    4
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.