Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    5
    4
    9
    2
    3
    7
    11
    12
    1
    6
    8

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    3
    4
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.