Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    9
    11
    4
    6
    2
    1
    3
    12
    7
    5
    8

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    2
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    6 Kedy volala?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    3 Neboli doma.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.