Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    6
    3
    5
    1
    2
    9
    8
    12
    7
    4
    10

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    4
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    4 Kto tam išiel?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.