Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    12
    4
    5
    6
    3
    10
    9
    1
    7
    11
    8

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    1
    4
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    6 Kedy volala?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.