Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    7
    8
    2
    5
    11
    12
    10
    1
    3
    9
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    4
    1
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    6 Kedy volala?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.