Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    8
    11
    5
    7
    1
    2
    6
    12
    9
    3
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    2
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.