Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    5
    9
    8
    10
    3
    2
    12
    1
    4
    7
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    4
    2
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.