Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    11
    12
    3
    1
    6
    9
    4
    8
    7
    2
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    4
    1
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.