Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    3
    1
    7
    5
    9
    10
    6
    2
    12
    4
    8
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    5
    2
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Kedy volala?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    3 Neboli doma.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.