Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    10
    3
    8
    9
    7
    11
    2
    12
    6
    5
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    1
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.