Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    11
    3
    8
    9
    2
    7
    5
    4
    10
    12
    6

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    4
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    5 Išiel tam sám?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.