Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    1
    2
    10
    7
    5
    6
    9
    4
    12
    3
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    2
    4
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    10 Urobil si chybu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    3 Neboli doma.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.