Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    10
    9
    5
    2
    8
    12
    3
    1
    7
    6
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    4
    3
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    6 Kedy volala?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.