Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    11
    2
    4
    7
    12
    3
    5
    8
    10
    6
    1

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    4
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.