Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    9
    5
    3
    7
    11
    6
    12
    4
    8
    10
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    5
    2
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    3 Neboli doma.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.