Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    10
    7
    12
    5
    2
    3
    8
    4
    6
    9
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    2
    1
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    3 Neboli doma.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.