Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    5
    9
    3
    8
    10
    7
    6
    1
    4
    2
    12

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    3 Písal som im. write to
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    5
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    6 Kedy volala?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.