Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    3
    12
    7
    9
    6
    1
    2
    5
    11
    8
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    2
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Neboli doma.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    6 Kedy volala?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.