Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    11
    1
    9
    7
    8
    10
    6
    12
    2
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    5
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    3 Neboli doma.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.