Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    2
    12
    4
    10
    9
    11
    3
    6
    1
    5
    8
    7

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    3
    5
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    6 Kedy volala?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.