Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    10
    12
    9
    2
    7
    1
    4
    8
    11
    6
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    3
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.