Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    14 We had to stay there.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    11
    2
    3
    8
    9
    10
    6
    4
    5
    12
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    5
    1
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    3 Neboli doma.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.