Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    8
    1
    10
    3
    6
    9
    2
    5
    11
    7
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    4
    2
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    10 Urobil si chybu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.