Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    7
    10
    9
    6
    3
    4
    2
    8
    5
    11
    12

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    3 Písal som im. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    1
    3
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    3 Neboli doma.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.