Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    12
    11
    6
    8
    3
    10
    4
    9
    7
    2
    1

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    5
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    3 Neboli doma.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    19 Zabudnime na to.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.