Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    7
    8
    2
    11
    9
    6
    3
    4
    10
    1
    12
    5

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    1
    3
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    3 Neboli doma.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.