Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    2
    9
    4
    1
    12
    6
    11
    10
    7
    3
    8

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    5
    2
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.