Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    9
    3
    10
    4
    8
    12
    2
    6
    7
    1
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    3
    1
    2
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    5 Išiel tam sám?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.