Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    1
    8
    11
    5
    6
    10
    7
    12
    2
    4
    3
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    5
    1
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    3 Neboli doma.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.