Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.