Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    8 We met several times.
    14 She keeps talking about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    8 How much money does he ?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.