Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    18 There's no need to worry.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    1 What are you watching?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    2 Take a look at this!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.