Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    8 How much money does he ?
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.