Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    20 It feels great!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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  • 487

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.