Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.