Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    20 It feels great!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    2 Take a look at this!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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  • 487

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.