Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    18 There's no need to worry.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    8 We met several times.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    6 0.05 seconds
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.