Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    14 She keeps talking about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    8 We met several times.
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.