Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    2 Take a look at this!
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    20 It feels great!
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    5 4.6,000,000
    11 bus number 102
    9 in the year 2015
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    7 35,785

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    12 What did she tell you? nothing

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.