Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    1 What are you watching?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.