Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    1 What are you watching?
    20 It feels great!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.