Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    2 Take a look at this!
    1 What are you watching?
    8 We met several times.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    4 You should your homework now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.