Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    8 We met several times.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.