Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    8 We met several times.
    2 Take a look at this!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.