Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.