Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.