Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.