Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    12 She never speaks to me.
    1 What are you watching?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    8 We met several times.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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  • 482

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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  • 487

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.