Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    1 What are you watching?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.