Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    8 We met several times.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    14 He it to her happy.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.