Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    8 We met several times.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    16 Shall we sit down?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    7 He died the age 95.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.