Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?
    8 We met several times.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    20 It feels great!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    14 He it to her happy.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.