Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    2 Take a look at this!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.