Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    1 What are you watching?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    12 Go down this road.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.