Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    2 Take a look at this!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.