Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    20 It feels great!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    7 He died the age 95.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.