Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    8 We met several times.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.