Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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  • 487

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.