Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    8 We met several times.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.