Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    8 We met several times.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    20 It feels great!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    13 When did you see him? last week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    15 Stop fun of me!
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.