Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    8 We met several times.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    2 Take a look at this!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    13 Let's go shopping!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.