Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    2 Take a look at this!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    1 What are you watching?
    20 It feels great!
    8 We met several times.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    6 Do you any sports?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.