Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    14 He it to her happy.
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.