Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    2 Take a look at this!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    20 It feels great!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    10 Kolik to stojí?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.