Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    20 It feels great!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    7 He died the age 95.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.