Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.