Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    2 Take a look at this!
    20 It feels great!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.