Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    8 We met several times.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    20 It feels great!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    1 You are a big mistake!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.