Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    2 Take a look at this!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    2 You are among friends.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.