Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    15 He doesn't care about her.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    1 What are you watching?
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    19 That sounds interesting.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.