Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    20 It feels great!
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    2 Take a look at this!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    1 What are you watching?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    3 I got it my friend.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.