Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    1 What are you watching?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    8 We met several times.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.