Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    2 Take a look at this!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    20 It feels great!
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    4 You should your homework now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.