Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    20 It feels great!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    13 Let's go shopping!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    6 Jdeš s námi?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.