Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    2 Take a look at this!
    1 What are you watching?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    8 We met several times.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    7 He died the age 95.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.