Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    8 We met several times.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    6 Do you any sports?
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.