Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Have you decided yet?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    4 Have you been here before?
    6 Have we met before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    17 What's happened?
    5 I've never been there.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    8 I've just read it.
    2 Have you seen it?
    18 I've known him for years.
    1 Where have you been?
    11 Have you eaten?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    4
    10
    3
    5
    6
    7
    2
    8
    1
    9

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    6 I've hear about it.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    7 We've never be there.
    5 They've leave already.
    1 He's break his leg.
    4 I have see that film.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • e S pozdravem
    • d Příjemce
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • h Předmět
    • a V příloze najdete
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    7 I've told him.
    2 What's happened?
    8 There's a problem.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    5 She's been there before.
    4 Who's there?
    12 How's it going?
    3 Who's done it?
    6 She's still there.
    11 He's coming too.
    10 He's had three beers.
    1 What's new?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    15 I need to a phone call.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    4 I've some tea.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    14 He's great progress.
    10 It no sense.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    5 I'm my best.
    7 How much money did she ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    13 We can without them.
    6 Have you your homework?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    3 I the shopping yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    5 Send it this address.
    10 whom it may concern
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    1
    she, break, her arm
    5
    they, not, send it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    9
    she, speak, with him
    8
    why, you, come here?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    he, not, find it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    2 Už odešla. leave
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.