Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    17 What's happened?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    4 Have you been here before?
    11 Have you eaten?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    2 Have you seen it?
    18 I've known him for years.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    8 I've just read it.
    1 Where have you been?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    4
    10
    8
    3
    2
    7
    9
    5
    1
    6

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    7 We've never be there.
    6 I've hear about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    1 He's break his leg.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've tell him about it.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • a V příloze najdete
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • e S pozdravem
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • h Předmět
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • d Příjemce

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    5 She's been there before.
    12 How's it going?
    2 What's happened?
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    1 What's new?
    10 He's had three beers.
    7 I've told him.
    6 She's still there.
    11 He's coming too.
    4 Who's there?
    8 There's a problem.
    3 Who's done it?

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    4 I've some tea.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    11 What sports do you ?
    14 He's great progress.
    10 It no sense.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    6 Have you your homework?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    13 We can without them.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    7 How much money did she ?
    5 I'm my best.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    5 Send it this address.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    10 whom it may concern
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.

    Exercise 10

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  • 607

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    5
    they, not, send it
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    8
    why, you, come here?
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    he, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    9
    she, speak, with him
    4
    I, make, dinner

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    4 I not see John last week.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    2 Už odešla. leave
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.

    Exercise 16

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  • 616

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.