Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Have you decided yet?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    6 Have we met before?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    5 I've never been there.
    2 Have you seen it?
    11 Have you eaten?
    17 What's happened?
    18 I've known him for years.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    1 Where have you been?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    12 I've spoken with him.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    10
    5
    6
    4
    3
    7
    1
    2
    8
    9

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    6 I've hear about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    1 He's break his leg.
    5 They've leave already.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    4 I have see that film.
    7 We've never be there.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • d Příjemce
    • h Předmět
    • a V příloze najdete
    • e S pozdravem
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    3 Who's done it?
    7 I've told him.
    8 There's a problem.
    11 He's coming too.
    5 She's been there before.
    1 What's new?
    2 What's happened?
    10 He's had three beers.
    12 How's it going?
    6 She's still there.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    4 Who's there?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    10 It no sense.
    13 We can without them.
    14 He's great progress.
    5 I'm my best.
    7 How much money did she ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    4 I've some tea.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    6 Have you your homework?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    10 whom it may concern
    5 Send it this address.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    5
    they, not, send it
    9
    she, speak, with him
    7
    he, not, find it
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    8
    why, you, come here?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    3
    I, cut, myself

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    2 Už odešla. leave
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    3 I've done that .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    4 We've lived here last year.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    6 She's worked here five years.

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    9 Už odcházíte?
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.