Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Have you decided yet?
    6 Have we met before?
    5 I've never been there.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    11 Have you eaten?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    1 Where have you been?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    17 What's happened?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    8 I've just read it.
    2 Have you seen it?
    18 I've known him for years.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    1
    2
    3
    4
    7
    8
    5
    6
    9
    10

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    6 I've hear about it.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    5 They've leave already.
    7 We've never be there.
    3 She hasn't come yet.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • e S pozdravem
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • a V příloze najdete
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • h Předmět

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.
    1 What's new?
    12 How's it going?
    4 Who's there?
    3 Who's done it?
    7 I've told him.
    11 He's coming too.
    5 She's been there before.
    10 He's had three beers.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    8 There's a problem.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    8 They've a lot of damage.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    5 I'm my best.
    7 How much money did she ?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    13 We can without them.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    10 It no sense.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    14 He's great progress.
    11 What sports do you ?
    6 Have you your homework?
    4 I've some tea.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • c Our car has broken down.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    10 whom it may concern
    5 Send it this address.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    9
    she, speak, with him
    4
    I, make, dinner
    5
    they, not, send it
    8
    why, you, come here?
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    he, not, find it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    4 I not see John last week.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    2 Už odešla. leave
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    4 We've lived here last year.
    3 I've done that .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    1 I've been here two hours.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    5 They haven't arrived .

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Už odcházíte?
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    3 Ještě to neposlal.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.