Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    6 Have we met before?
    5 I've never been there.
    17 What's happened?
    2 Have you seen it?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    8 I've just read it.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    4 Have you been here before?
    11 Have you eaten?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    18 I've known him for years.
    1 Where have you been?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    9
    1
    7
    3
    2
    8
    10
    6
    4
    5

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    10 I've buy some apples.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    7 We've never be there.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.
    6 I've hear about it.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • h Předmět
    • a V příloze najdete
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • d Příjemce
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • e S pozdravem

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    3 Who's done it?
    12 How's it going?
    5 She's been there before.
    1 What's new?
    4 Who's there?
    8 There's a problem.
    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.
    10 He's had three beers.
    7 I've told him.
    11 He's coming too.
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    14 He's great progress.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    7 How much money did she ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    6 Have you your homework?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    5 I'm my best.
    11 What sports do you ?
    13 We can without them.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    10 It no sense.
    4 I've some tea.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    10 whom it may concern
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    5 Send it this address.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    1
    she, break, her arm
    8
    why, you, come here?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    5
    they, not, send it
    9
    she, speak, with him
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    7
    he, not, find it
    3
    I, cut, myself

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    4 I not see John last week.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    2 Už odešla. leave
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    5 They haven't arrived .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    1 I've been here two hours.
    3 I've done that .

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    5 Znám ho už roky.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    9 Už odcházíte?
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.