Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    17 What's happened?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    18 I've known him for years.
    6 Have we met before?
    1 Where have you been?
    4 Have you been here before?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    5 I've never been there.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    8 I've just read it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    2 Have you seen it?
    11 Have you eaten?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 597

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    10
    6
    3
    9
    1
    4
    8
    2
    5
    7

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    7 We've never be there.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    4 I have see that film.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    5 They've leave already.
    6 I've hear about it.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • a V příloze najdete
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • h Předmět
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • e S pozdravem

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    10 He's had three beers.
    8 There's a problem.
    4 Who's there?
    6 She's still there.
    7 I've told him.
    1 What's new?
    2 What's happened?
    11 He's coming too.
    12 How's it going?
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    3 Who's done it?
    5 She's been there before.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    10 It no sense.
    7 How much money did she ?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    5 I'm my best.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    6 Have you your homework?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    11 What sports do you ?
    13 We can without them.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    4 I've some tea.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    14 He's great progress.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    4 She's gone out lunch.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    5 Send it this address.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    10 whom it may concern

    Exercise 10

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  • 607

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    3
    I, cut, myself
    4
    I, make, dinner
    7
    he, not, find it
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    5
    they, not, send it
    9
    she, speak, with him
    8
    why, you, come here?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    4 I not see John last week.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    2 Už odešla. leave
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    9 Už odcházíte?

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.