Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 Have we met before?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    1 Where have you been?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    18 I've known him for years.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    17 What's happened?
    11 Have you eaten?
    8 I've just read it.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    2 Have you seen it?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    5 I've never been there.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    1
    6
    5
    10
    2
    8
    9
    3
    7
    4

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    1 He's break his leg.
    6 I've hear about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    7 We've never be there.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • a V příloze najdete
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • e S pozdravem
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • d Příjemce
    • h Předmět

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    6 She's still there.
    7 I've told him.
    11 He's coming too.
    8 There's a problem.
    10 He's had three beers.
    12 How's it going?
    2 What's happened?
    1 What's new?
    5 She's been there before.
    3 Who's done it?
    4 Who's there?
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    5 I'm my best.
    6 Have you your homework?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    4 I've some tea.
    10 It no sense.
    11 What sports do you ?
    13 We can without them.
    7 How much money did she ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    14 He's great progress.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    2 We have no mistakes.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    10 whom it may concern
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    5 Send it this address.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    7
    he, not, find it
    8
    why, you, come here?
    9
    she, speak, with him
    4
    I, make, dinner
    3
    I, cut, myself
    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    5
    they, not, send it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    4 I not see John last week.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    2 Už odešla. leave
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.