Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    1 Where have you been?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    17 What's happened?
    2 Have you seen it?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    6 Have we met before?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    4 Have you been here before?
    18 I've known him for years.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    11 Have you eaten?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    2
    9
    3
    6
    8
    5
    10
    7
    4
    1

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    10 I've buy some apples.
    4 I have see that film.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    5 They've leave already.
    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    8 I've tell him about it.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    7 We've never be there.
    6 I've hear about it.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • h Předmět
    • a V příloze najdete
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • e S pozdravem
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • d Příjemce
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    6 She's still there.
    11 He's coming too.
    3 Who's done it?
    8 There's a problem.
    4 Who's there?
    1 What's new?
    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    10 He's had three beers.
    2 What's happened?
    5 She's been there before.
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    5 I'm my best.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    10 It no sense.
    14 He's great progress.
    7 How much money did she ?
    4 I've some tea.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    13 We can without them.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    6 Have you your homework?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    10 whom it may concern
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    5 Send it this address.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    8
    why, you, come here?
    1
    she, break, her arm
    3
    I, cut, myself
    4
    I, make, dinner
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    5
    they, not, send it
    7
    he, not, find it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    9
    she, speak, with him

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    2 Už odešla. leave
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    10 Už jste jedli? eat

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    3 I've done that .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    1 I've been here two hours.
    4 We've lived here last year.

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    1 Už jsem jedl.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.