Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 I've changed my mind.
    5 I've never been there.
    1 Where have you been?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    17 What's happened?
    18 I've known him for years.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    6 Have we met before?
    11 Have you eaten?
    8 I've just read it.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    2 Have you seen it?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 597

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    4
    6
    10
    9
    7
    2
    3
    8
    1
    5

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    5 They've leave already.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    1 He's break his leg.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    7 We've never be there.
    6 I've hear about it.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    4 I have see that film.

    Exercise 4

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  • 599

    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • d Příjemce
    • e S pozdravem
    • h Předmět
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • a V příloze najdete

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    6 She's still there.
    12 How's it going?
    5 She's been there before.
    8 There's a problem.
    11 He's coming too.
    1 What's new?
    3 Who's done it?
    7 I've told him.
    2 What's happened?
    4 Who's there?
    10 He's had three beers.
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    2 We have no mistakes.
    7 How much money did she ?
    5 I'm my best.
    10 It no sense.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    4 I've some tea.
    6 Have you your homework?
    14 He's great progress.
    13 We can without them.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    15 I need to a phone call.
    11 What sports do you ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    1 Have you the cleaning?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.

    Exercise 8

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  • 604

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    5 Send it this address.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    10 whom it may concern

    Exercise 10

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  • 607

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    5
    they, not, send it
    8
    why, you, come here?
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    9
    she, speak, with him
    4
    I, make, dinner
    7
    he, not, find it
    3
    I, cut, myself

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    2 Už odešla. leave
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    10 Už jste jedli? eat

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    2 Have you cleaned ?
    4 We've lived here last year.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    3 I've done that .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.

    Exercise 16

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  • 616

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    9 Už odcházíte?
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.