Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 I've changed my mind.
    11 Have you eaten?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    5 I've never been there.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    2 Have you seen it?
    4 Have you been here before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    18 I've known him for years.
    1 Where have you been?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    8 I've just read it.
    17 What's happened?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 597

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    10
    1
    5
    6
    4
    2
    3
    9
    7
    8

    Exercise 3

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  • 598

    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    4 I have see that film.
    5 They've leave already.
    1 He's break his leg.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    7 We've never be there.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    6 I've hear about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.

    Exercise 4

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  • 599

    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • a V příloze najdete
    • e S pozdravem
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • h Předmět
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • d Příjemce

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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  • 601

    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    4 Who's there?
    3 Who's done it?
    1 What's new?
    2 What's happened?
    10 He's had three beers.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    11 He's coming too.
    6 She's still there.
    8 There's a problem.
    7 I've told him.
    12 How's it going?
    5 She's been there before.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    7 How much money did she ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    6 Have you your homework?
    14 He's great progress.
    5 I'm my best.
    10 It no sense.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    13 We can without them.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    4 I've some tea.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.

    Exercise 8

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  • 604

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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  • 606

    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    5 Send it this address.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    10 whom it may concern

    Exercise 10

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  • 607

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    5
    they, not, send it
    3
    I, cut, myself
    1
    she, break, her arm
    4
    I, make, dinner
    9
    she, speak, with him
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    8
    why, you, come here?
    7
    he, not, find it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    2 Už odešla. leave
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    3 I've done that .

    Exercise 16

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  • 616

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    9 Už odcházíte?
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.