Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    18 I've known him for years.
    11 Have you eaten?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    6 Have we met before?
    17 What's happened?
    8 I've just read it.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    1 Where have you been?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    4 Have you been here before?
    2 Have you seen it?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    8
    9
    7
    1
    4
    10
    2
    5
    6
    3

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    5 They've leave already.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    6 I've hear about it.
    4 I have see that film.
    1 He's break his leg.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    10 I've buy some apples.
    7 We've never be there.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • h Předmět
    • e S pozdravem
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • a V příloze najdete
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    2 What's happened?
    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    8 There's a problem.
    4 Who's there?
    5 She's been there before.
    3 Who's done it?
    11 He's coming too.
    1 What's new?
    6 She's still there.
    10 He's had three beers.
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    4 I've some tea.
    14 He's great progress.
    10 It no sense.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    7 How much money did she ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    5 I'm my best.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    6 Have you your homework?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    13 We can without them.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    15 I need to a phone call.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    10 whom it may concern
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    5 Send it this address.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    4
    I, make, dinner
    5
    they, not, send it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    7
    he, not, find it
    3
    I, cut, myself
    9
    she, speak, with him
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    8
    why, you, come here?
    1
    she, break, her arm

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    4 I not see John last week.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    2 Už odešla. leave
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    4 We've lived here last year.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    3 I've done that .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    2 Have you cleaned ?

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.